Could Tuberculosis Be Behind Unexplained Male Infertility?

The Role of Semen Analysis in Diagnosing TB-Related Infertility

Semen analysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing male fertility. It evaluates key parameters such as:

• Sperm morphology (size and shape)
• Motility (the ability to move effectively)
• Sperm count

According to Dr Karne, “Semen analysis is crucial in identifying the causes of male infertility. It provides a comprehensive evaluation of sperm quality and helps detect abnormalities that could indicate underlying infections, hormonal imbalances, or anatomical issues.”

If semen analysis reveals abnormal sperm parameters in men with unexplained infertility, further investigation is required to determine if TB or another condition is the root cause.

Diagnosing Tuberculosis-Related Infertility

When TB is suspected as a contributing factor to male infertility, additional testing is necessary. Common diagnostic methods include:

• Ultrasound imaging – to detect inflammation or blockages in reproductive organs
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing – to identify TB bacteria in semen samples
• Semen culture – to confirm the presence of an infection

If TB is diagnosed, prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotics is essential to prevent long-term reproductive damage.

Symptoms and Challenges in Detecting TB-Related Infertility

One of the biggest challenges in diagnosing TB-related infertility is that symptoms can be mild or even nonexistent. “Many men do not show any overt signs of infection, making diagnosis difficult,” Dr Karne explained. “Some may experience fever, scrotal pain, or swelling, but these symptoms are not always definitive indicators of TB.”

Another major issue is latent TB, where the bacteria remain dormant in the body for years without causing symptoms. This makes it harder for doctors to link TB to unexplained infertility, particularly in regions where the infection is more prevalent.

Is TB-Related Infertility Treatable?

The good news is that TB-related infertility is often reversible with timely treatment. Once diagnosed, patients undergo a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. If detected early, this treatment can prevent lasting damage to the reproductive organs, allowing sperm production and quality to return to normal.

A study published in the Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences found that early treatment with antitubercular medication can improve semen parameters and, in some cases, reverse azoospermia (absence of sperm in semen). However, if TB has caused extensive scarring or blockages in the vas deferens or epididymis, surgical intervention may be required.

Advanced Treatment Options for Severe Cases

For men whose reproductive organs have been severely affected by TB, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) can provide a path to fatherhood.

Dr Karne noted, “Procedures such as In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) or sperm retrieval can help men with TB-related reproductive damage conceive a child. These technologies offer hope for couples struggling with infertility caused by TB.”

Bottom Line

While TB is not a leading cause of male infertility, its impact should not be overlooked. “Early diagnosis and treatment are key to reversing TB-related infertility,” Dr Karne emphasised. “Men experiencing unexplained fertility issues should consult a healthcare provider to explore all possible causes, including TB, and develop an effective treatment plan.”

For those struggling with infertility, understanding the potential role of infections like TB can be life-changing. With proper medical intervention, many men can restore their fertility and achieve their dream of parenthood.

Reference : https://www.nanditapalshetkar.com/blog/can-tuberculosis-cause-infertility#:~:text=TB%20can%20cause%20a%20condition,tough%20to%20make%20a%20baby