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Despite its growing prevalence, male infertility remains a taboo subject in Indian society, often overlooked or misunderstood. Experts are now calling for timely medical intervention and a societal shift toward more open conversations around the issue.

Stress, Obesity, and Pollution: Leading Contributors to Male Infertility

“Male infertility contributes to nearly 40% of all infertility cases,” explained Dr. Nisha Pansare, Fertility Specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Pune. “This spike is directly linked to unhealthy habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and fast-food diets — all of which negatively impact sperm count and quality.”

Dr. Pansare further added that obesity and environmental exposure to pollutants, such as pesticides and heavy metals, are playing a significant role in reducing sperm viability. Medical conditions like diabetes, infections, and hormonal imbalances, along with increasing age, can further compromise male fertility.

In her clinic, 5 to 6 young men between 25 and 35 years are diagnosed every two months with low sperm count, seeking support for fertility-related concerns. These cases reflect a troubling trend among younger males once considered at the peak of reproductive health.

Overlooked But Critical: The Male Fertility Factor

Dr. Parul Khanna, Fertility Specialist at Nova Southend Fertility and IVF in New Delhi, emphasized the urgency of addressing male infertility: “It’s often an invisible part of the parenthood journey. Yet poor diet, inadequate sleep, rising stress, and exposure to environmental toxins have all been linked to declining sperm health.”

Dr. Khanna highlighted that 1 to 2 males aged 25-35 visit her clinic every two months with signs of erectile dysfunction, low libido, and testicular swelling, all pointing toward compromised fertility. Early diagnosis and expert counseling make a significant difference, she stressed.

Emotional Toll and the Stigma Surrounding Male Infertility

In Gurugram, Dr. Jyoti Gupta, Senior Consultant at Motherhood Fertility and IVF, shared that male infertility often takes a serious emotional toll, leading to anxiety, low self-esteem, and strain on relationships.

“Unfortunately, this remains a hush-hush issue,” said Dr. Gupta. “The silence and stigma result in delayed diagnosis and treatment, further complicating the situation.”

In the past two months alone, her clinic has advised 10 to 15 men aged 30-35 years with low sperm counts to undergo fertility treatment. She emphasized that most male fertility issues are treatable with the right intervention.

Hope Through Lifestyle Changes and Modern Treatments

All three experts agree that lifestyle modifications can play a critical role in prevention and recovery. Recommendations include:

• Healthy Diet: Balanced meals rich in antioxidants to improve sperm health. 
• Regular Exercise: Helps maintain a healthy weight and supports hormone regulation. 
• Stress Management: Incorporating mindfulness, yoga, or counseling. 
• Avoiding Tobacco and Alcohol: These substances significantly impair reproductive function. 
• Early Evaluation and Diagnosis: Crucial for accessing timely treatments like ART (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) and sperm preservation. 

Breaking the Silence: Time to Normalize the Conversation

“Early evaluation and open conversations are the first steps not only toward effective treatment but also emotional healing,” said Dr. Gupta.
Campaigns aimed at breaking the stigma and normalizing male reproductive health discussions are urgently needed, the experts added.

Conclusion

With nearly four out of every ten infertility cases in India now involving male factors, the time for action is now. Timely diagnosis, lifestyle adjustments, and shedding the social stigma around male infertility can pave the way for healthier outcomes — and help more couples realize their dream of parenthood.

Reference : https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/male-infertility-growing-early-diagnosis-lifestyle-changes-open-dialogue-way-forward-experts/2487710

Dr. Prasanta Kumar Nayak, MBBS, MD-OBG, Clinical Head and Fertility Specialist at Oasis Fertility, Visakhapatnam, explained the overlooked connection between heat and sperm quality — and how men can turn summer into an opportunity rather than an obstacle for fertility.

The Impact of Heat on Sperm Health

“Sperms require a conducive environment to thrive; the testicles function best at a temperature 2-3°C lower than the body,” said Dr. Nayak.
Excessive heat exposure — from hot tubs, tight clothing, or working in high-temperature environments — can damage sperm motility, quality, and even DNA integrity.

Scientific research backs this up: According to the Iranian Journal of Public Health, for every 1°C rise in testicular temperature, sperm production drops by about 14%. Heat stress reduces both sperm motility and viability, highlighting why summer precautions are so crucial.

Expert-Recommended Tips to Stay Cool and Protect Fertility

Dr. Nayak outlined simple but effective strategies to guard sperm health during the summer season:

• Wear Breathable Clothing: Opt for loose, lightweight fabrics like cotton and linen to promote airflow and reduce heat buildup.

• Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water keeps the body temperature regulated and maintains healthy seminal fluid, which is critical for sperm motility.

• Use Smart Cooling Techniques: Keep rooms cool with fans or moderate air conditioning, but avoid extreme cold that could hinder blood circulation.

• Take Cooling Showers: Cool showers after outdoor activities help lower body temperature and protect sperm production.

With these lifestyle changes, men can help maintain optimal conditions for sperm health even during peak summer heat.

Summer’s Fertility Boosters: Vitamin D, Nutrition, and Exercise

Despite its risks, summer also offers unique advantages for reproductive health:

Boosting Vitamin D Naturally

Gentle sun exposure — especially during morning or late afternoon — stimulates vitamin D production, which plays a vital role in improving sperm quality, motility, and testosterone levels.
“Vitamin D acts as a natural fertility booster,” Dr. Nayak noted.

Seasonal Nutrition and Hydration

Summer is the perfect time to load up on hydrating, antioxidant-rich foods. Fruits like watermelon, oranges, and berries, along with vegetables like cucumbers, support hydration and supply essential nutrients for reproductive health. Proper hydration also ensures optimal seminal fluid quality and sperm motility.

Outdoor Exercise for Better Blood Flow

“The summer season encourages outdoor physical activities such as swimming, walking, and cycling — all of which enhance blood flow and hormone regulation,” Dr. Nayak said.
Moderate outdoor exercise during cooler parts of the day boosts overall fertility without risking heat stress.

Better Sleep and Reduced Stress

Longer daylight hours, natural sunlight exposure, and outdoor activity help regulate sleep patterns and reduce stress. Both factors significantly impact hormone balance and sperm health, making summer an opportune time for those undergoing fertility treatments.

A Positive Message from the Expert

“Summer can be a chance to boost reproductive health, not a threat to it,” Dr. Nayak emphasized.
By embracing simple habits — like wearing breathable clothing, staying hydrated, eating antioxidant-rich foods, and exercising wisely — men can create an environment that supports both natural conception and fertility treatments.

Bottom Line

With a few proactive steps, summer can be turned from a fertility challenge into a fertility ally. Maintaining smart habits through the season not only safeguards sperm health but also improves overall well-being, bringing couples closer to their dream of parenthood.

Reference : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240558082400253X

According to experts, age is one of the leading causes of infertility in women. Alongside unhealthy lifestyle habits and certain medical conditions, postponing family planning can make conception significantly more difficult.

Why Fertility Declines with Age

Dr. Kanika Sharma, Fertility Specialist at Birla Fertility & IVF, Delhi, explained the biological realities behind the trend:
“In the last few decades, women have made significant strides in their personal and professional lives. While this has brought empowerment and independence, it hasn’t slowed the ticking of the biological clock. Women’s fertility naturally decreases with age,” she said.

From a medical standpoint, the body’s reproductive processes slow down as women age. The number of healthy eggs diminishes, and the chances of natural conception decline. While medical treatments can assist, the body’s natural ability to conceive becomes increasingly limited with time.

The Ideal Age for Women to Have Children

When it comes to maximizing fertility potential, timing matters more than many realize.

“The best age for women’s fertility is before 32 years,” Dr. Sharma advised. “After 32, fertility begins to decline gradually, and after 38, it drops sharply.”

Despite greater social acceptance of late pregnancies today, the biological constraints remain unchanged. The quality and quantity of eggs decrease, and risks of miscarriage, pregnancy complications, and genetic abnormalities rise after the mid-30s.

The Emotional and Medical Realities of Late Parenthood

Many women only begin considering family expansion once they feel professionally secure — often in their mid-30s or later. Unfortunately, by then, natural conception may be harder, sometimes requiring assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.

“Awareness is critical,” emphasized Dr. Sharma. “With early planning and timely intervention, women can still achieve their family goals even if they marry later. But they need to know their options and consult specialists when needed.”

Medical technologies such as egg freezing, fertility preservation, and advanced IVF techniques have opened doors for many older couples. Still, they come with their own costs, risks, and emotional tolls.

The Bigger Picture: Balancing Dreams and Biology

Today’s youth are embracing independence and career growth like never before — a positive societal shift. However, experts stress the importance of balancing personal goals with biological realities.

If having children is part of a future plan, couples should be proactive. Consulting a fertility specialist early, even before planning to conceive, can offer valuable insights and help them make informed decisions.

Conclusion: Early Awareness is the Key to Future Success

The trend of late marriages is unlikely to slow down, but awareness about fertility timelines must rise alongside it. Understanding the body’s natural rhythms empowers couples to make decisions that align with both their dreams and their biology.

For couples aiming to expand their families someday, the best time to start planning is now — not after fertility begins to decline. With the right guidance and timely action, they can enjoy both professional success and personal fulfillment in building a family.

Reference : https://ferty9.com/blog/is-india-facing-an-infertility-crisis

A landmark 2025 study has found that nearly 75% of women seeking fertility treatments were either too thin or carrying excess weight, underscoring how widespread weight-related fertility challenges have become. Fertility experts are now sounding the alarm on the hidden reproductive risks tied to unhealthy body weight, especially across India where awareness remains low.

Body Weight and Women’s Fertility: A Critical Link

Medical experts warn that maintaining a healthy weight is essential for reproductive health. In women, being significantly underweight can disrupt hormonal balance, leading to irregular or absent ovulation. Conversely, excess weight — particularly obesity — can more than double the risk of ovulation problems, complicating efforts to conceive.

“When body fat levels are too low or too high, it sends mixed hormonal signals to the ovaries,” said Dr. Rubina Pandit, Fertility Specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Basaveshwarnagar, Bengaluru. “This confusion can prevent the release of eggs necessary for pregnancy.”

The recent study’s finding — that three out of four women seeking fertility help fall outside the ideal weight range — points to a major but modifiable risk factor that is still not widely understood by the public.

Men Are Not Immune: Obesity’s Hidden Impact on Sperm Health

While fertility issues are often framed as a women’s health matter, Dr. Pandit stresses that men are equally vulnerable to the reproductive risks of obesity. Excess fat in men can lower testosterone levels, increase estrogen production, and significantly impair sperm quality.

“Obesity in men affects sperm count, motility, and even DNA integrity,” Dr. Pandit explained. “It is one of the few fertility risk factors that can often be improved with straightforward lifestyle changes.”

Global studies increasingly support this view, confirming that obesity is now among the leading causes of male infertility worldwide.

A Lifestyle Fix: How Diet and Exercise Can Restore Fertility

The good news, according to experts, is that body weight is a factor couples can control — often with significant improvements to their fertility prospects.

Rather than extreme dieting or overexercising, doctors recommend a steady, sustainable approach. Dr. Pandit advises a combination of:

• Five days of moderate cardio activity, such as brisk walking or jogging

• Two days of strength training to enhance metabolism and hormonal stability

• A balanced diet rich in whole foods and low in processed sugars and refined carbs

“Rapid weight loss can be just as harmful as excess weight when it comes to fertility,” Dr. Pandit noted. “We encourage slow, consistent changes that the body can adapt to naturally.”

Urgent Need for Public Awareness

Despite mounting clinical evidence, there is still a major gap in public knowledge about the link between body weight and reproductive health. Many couples in India delay seeking help or are unaware that weight management could dramatically impact their fertility outcomes.

Fertility specialists are calling for broader education campaigns to address misconceptions and encourage early interventions. Understanding weight’s role could help countless couples avoid unnecessary treatments and emotional distress.

Conclusion: Small Changes, Big Impact

As fertility challenges rise globally, experts agree that addressing modifiable factors like weight could be a game-changer. A healthy body weight is not just about general wellness — it plays a crucial role in successful conception.

With timely support, gradual lifestyle changes, and expert guidance, many couples can significantly boost their fertility prospects. And in a world where reproductive technologies continue to evolve, something as fundamental as weight management remains one of the simplest, most powerful tools for building a family.
Reference : https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/weight-fertility-and-pregnancy-health 

powered by artificial intelligence, that completed one of the most delicate tasks in reproductive medicine: fertilizing a human egg.  This event signals the arrival of a new era in fertility treatment, blending automation, machine learning, and precision medicine to help couples battling infertility.

Here’s a deep dive into what happened, how AI-assisted IVF works, and what the future of reproductive healthcare could look like.

The Historic Birth: What Happened

Recently, a healthy baby girl was delivered to a woman in her 40s after a fully automated IVF procedure. Unlike traditional IVF, where a human embryologist manually injects sperm into an egg, this process was performed by a robotic microneedle guided by AI. The system analyzed the egg in real time, selected the optimal injection point, and inserted the sperm — all autonomously. After successful fertilization, the embryo was implanted and developed into a full-term pregnancy.

The breakthrough procedure took place in Mexico using technology developed by Spanish startup OCON Medical in collaboration with Conceivable Life Sciences. This marks a turning point in reproductive technologies, showcasing how AI can successfully perform even the most sensitive steps in human reproduction.

Understanding AI-Assisted IVF

AI-assisted IVF uses artificial intelligence and robotics to support various stages of the IVF process. In this case, AI took over the critical step known as Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) — a process typically requiring years of embryologist training. The AI system was trained on thousands of previous ICSI procedures, allowing it to analyze egg properties instantly, choose the best injection approach, and perform the fertilization with remarkable precision.

Unlike traditional IVF, which heavily depends on the manual skills and experience of embryologists, AI-assisted IVF aims to deliver consistent, accurate results while minimizing human error and variability.

Why This Breakthrough Matters

This achievement represents much more than technological innovation — it is a potential revolution in healthcare. For the first time, an entire critical phase of IVF was completed without human hands. The implications are huge: lower fertility treatment costs, wider access to advanced IVF procedures, and more consistent outcomes for patients worldwide.

The success also validates the role of AI beyond advisory or analytical tasks; it shows that AI can physically perform complex, real-world medical interventions and achieve healthy, successful births.

Success Story Behind the First AI IVF Baby

The woman who participated in this pioneering procedure had previously endured multiple failed IVF cycles. This time, 12 eggs were retrieved from her. Five were fertilized using the AI-controlled robotic system, and four embryos successfully developed. One healthy embryo was selected for implantation, resulting in a full-term pregnancy and the birth of a healthy baby girl. The remaining embryos were cryopreserved for future use. Notably, no abnormalities were detected in the baby or during the pregnancy, highlighting the safety and promise of AI-assisted IVF.

Benefits of AI in Fertility Treatments

The integration of AI into fertility care offers several key advantages. First, it dramatically improves access to IVF services, particularly in regions lacking highly trained embryologists. Secondly, it enhances accuracy by eliminating human factors like hand tremors, fatigue, or inconsistencies. Third, AI optimizes sperm selection, timing, and injection techniques, leading to better fertilization rates. Finally, every procedure feeds valuable data back into the AI model, enabling continuous learning and future improvements. These benefits suggest a future where IVF is faster, cheaper, and more successful.

Ethical and Regulatory Considerations

Despite the excitement, AI-assisted IVF raises important ethical and regulatory questions. Who will be held accountable if a machine-driven step fails? Should patients always be informed when AI is part of their treatment? Could AI unintentionally introduce biases in embryo selection? And will this technology help or hurt global health equity? Medical regulators and ethicists are only beginning to wrestle with these issues, and robust guidelines will be essential as the technology becomes more widespread.

The Future of Fertility Care

This achievement is only the beginning. Experts predict that we may soon see full IVF cycles managed entirely by AI, from egg retrieval and sperm selection to embryo implantation. Predictive AI could personalize hormone therapies, and real-time genetic screening could become standard. Most excitingly, smaller and rural clinics may soon offer top-tier fertility services once available only at major urban centers. AI promises to democratize access to fertility care, making family-building dreams possible for many more couples around the world.

Conclusion

The birth of the world’s first AI-assisted IVF baby is far more than a technical milestone — it represents a new chapter in the story of human reproduction. By extending human capabilities through precision automation, AI has opened the door to safer, more accessible, and more efficient fertility treatments. As this technology continues to evolve, millions of people around the world may find new hope in their journey to build a family.

Reference :  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S246878472400182X

Founded in January 2025, Ovo Labs is the brainchild of renowned fertility expert Professor Melina Schuh, fertility scientist Dr. Agata Zielinska, and biotech innovator Dr. Oleksandr Yagensky. Their mission: to address one of IVF’s biggest challenges—egg quality.

For decades, IVF has offered hope to individuals and couples struggling with infertility. However, it often demands a heavy emotional, financial, and psychological toll. Many women endure multiple IVF cycles without success, and some never achieve their dream of parenthood. Ovo Labs aims to change that story.

“By helping to increase the number of viable eggs, we aim to extend the reproductive window, empowering more couples to have children at a time that feels right to them,” Schuh said in a statement.

Backed by 20 years of research, Ovo Labs’ approach focuses on reducing genetic errors within eggs. Their three therapeutic treatments could significantly improve the number of viable eggs available during IVF, potentially increasing the odds of a successful pregnancy with just one cycle.

A Science-Backed Promise

The foundation for Ovo Labs’ technology is strong. The startup has already demonstrated success in preclinical models, including aging mice, where their treatments enhanced egg quality. They have also successfully treated isolated human eggs in laboratory conditions.

However, the journey toward clinical use is just beginning. Human trials have not yet been approved, and medical treatments typically face long regulatory paths. Still, Ovo Labs is optimistic about the future.

To fuel their development and navigate the complex approval process, the startup just announced its first funding round, securing €4.6 million from leading investors including Creator Fund, Local Globe, Blue Wire Capital, Ahren Innovation Capital, and angel investor Antonio Pellicer.

“It is inspiring to see European scientists of this calibre launch a company solving such a fundamental question facing humanity,” said Jamie Macfarlane, founder of Creator Fund.

The Urgency Behind the Innovation

Egg quality plays a pivotal role in fertility outcomes. By the age of 40, over 70% of a woman’s eggs carry genetic abnormalities, according to the London Egg Bank. These abnormalities significantly reduce the chances of conception and increase the risk of miscarriage.

Ovo Labs’ therapies aim to intervene at this crucial biological bottleneck, offering new hope to older women or those who have delayed childbirth for personal or professional reasons.

Schuh and Zielinska’s expertise is rooted in years of collaboration at the Bourn Hall Clinic, the world’s first IVF center, famously featured in Netflix’s Joy. Their earlier research illuminated why egg quality declines with age and how it might be restored.

What’s Next for Ovo Labs?

The promise is real, but challenges remain. Gaining regulatory approval is a notoriously slow process, often taking years even for promising treatments. Additionally, rigorous human trials are needed to prove both safety and effectiveness before the therapy can become part of mainstream IVF protocols.

Still, the enthusiasm surrounding Ovo Labs is hard to ignore. Their work represents not just a scientific breakthrough but a profound social shift: enabling more people to build families later in life, without the heartbreak so often associated with failed IVF attempts.

As the fertility industry evolves, innovations like these could fundamentally reshape reproductive possibilities for millions. And Ovo Labs is just getting started.

Reference : https://app.daily.dev/posts/fertility-startup-rejuvenates-human-eggs-to-boost-chances-of-conception-iucyorjch

Hormones are central to reproductive wellbeing, and the integration of AI with hormonal science is helping clinicians make more accurate decisions during procedures like in vitro fertilisation (IVF). With fertility treatment costs high and cycles often limited, getting the best result from each attempt is essential—and AI is making that possible.

Using AI to Personalise IVF Treatment

During IVF, the ovaries are stimulated with hormones to grow follicles—the sacs that contain eggs. Clinicians monitor the growth of these follicles using ultrasound to determine the best moment to trigger ovulation. Traditionally, this decision is based on rule-of-thumb estimates, using only the size of the largest follicles.

However, a recent study led by Dr. Abbara has shown how AI can offer far more precise insights. The technology was used to identify which sized follicles are most likely to yield an egg. Results revealed that cycles with more follicles in the optimal size range led to improved egg retrieval and increased live birth rates.

“In future, AI will guide clinicians with a decision-support system to recommend the ideal time to trigger ovulation,” Dr. Abbara explained. “This could help us maximise outcomes with every IVF cycle.”

AI’s Broader Role in Reproductive Endocrinology

Dr. Abbara’s team is also exploring how AI can improve diagnosis and treatment for other hormonal conditions. For instance, menstrual disturbances often indicate anovulation (failure to release an egg), but diagnosis and medication selection can be tricky.

AI is now being trained to interpret large datasets of menstrual and hormonal patterns to identify the most effective treatments for restoring ovulation. “This approach can help us personalise treatments, make more informed choices, and reduce trial-and-error in fertility care,” he said.

Kisspeptin: The Game-Changer for Safer IVF

One of the standout breakthroughs in reproductive endocrinology is the study of kisspeptin, a naturally occurring protein essential for fertility. According to Dr. Abbara’s research, kisspeptin could make IVF significantly safer.

Overstimulation of the ovaries during IVF can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)—a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. To avoid this, clinicians often reduce hormone doses or delay embryo transfer, sometimes compromising the chances of success.

However, kisspeptin reduces the risk of OHSS without sacrificing fertility outcomes. “This could simplify IVF protocols, improve safety, and potentially boost pregnancy rates,” he said. The next step: clinical trials to prove its superiority over current medications.

AMH: A Key Hormone in Diagnosing PCOS

Dr. Abbara is also leading research into anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which plays a vital role in understanding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AMH reflects a woman’s ovarian reserve—the number of follicles remaining in the ovaries.

Women with PCOS often have elevated AMH levels due to the abundance of follicles. “Our research shows that the higher the AMH, the more likely PCOS features are present,” he explained. While AMH alone is not yet enough for diagnosis, it’s becoming a core part of new clinical guidelines.

In the future, AMH could potentially be used as a standalone marker to diagnose PCOS, although menstrual history and other indicators are still critical.

Bridging the Gap in Women’s Health Research

Despite the strides being made, Dr. Abbara stressed that women’s health has long been underfunded and under-researched. “We must do more to improve care and dedicate resources to research focused on women’s unique health needs,” he said.

Initiatives like the UK Government’s Women’s Health Strategy are pushing to close this gap. Dr. Abbara believes men in medicine must also play an active role—mentoring female colleagues, advocating for funding, and challenging outdated biases in clinical research.

“Women’s health must be at the forefront of medical innovation,” he said. “Through AI, hormonal science, and a renewed commitment to equity, we have the power to reshape the future of fertility and wellbeing.”

As AI continues to evolve, so too does our understanding of the delicate interplay between hormones and reproductive success. With passionate experts like Dr. Abbara leading the charge, the future of fertility care looks smarter, safer, and more inclusive than ever.

Reference: https://www.sunflowerhospital.in/how-ai-is-shaping-the-future-of-ivf-and-fertility-treatments/

and enabling human reproduction beyond Earth. Led by CEO Dr. Egbert Edelbroek, the company is developing innovative technologies to facilitate conception and early embryo development in space, laying the groundwork for future space colonization and advancements in fertility treatments on Earth.

The ARTIS Program: IVF in Space

Central to SpaceBorn United’s mission is the Assisted Reproductive Technology in Space (ARTIS) program. This initiative focuses on creating an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) process adapted for space conditions. The plan involves launching a miniaturized IVF lab, known as the ARTIS minilab, into low Earth orbit. During a six-day mission, female reproductive cells will be fertilized under simulated Earth-like gravity. After five to six days of development, the embryos will be cryogenically frozen and returned to Earth for further analysis. Initial missions will utilize mouse cells to ensure the embryos’ health and viability for implantation and birth on Earth. Future missions aim to progress toward using human reproductive cells, with the goal of determining the minimum gravity levels required for healthy embryo development.

Technological Innovations and Collaborations

The ARTIS minilab is a marvel of engineering, equipped with a life support system, microfluidic disc with micropump, micro-cameras, and an array of sensors to monitor subsystems and flight characteristics. SpaceBorn United collaborates with various international partners, including Ghent University in Belgium and Independence-X Aerospace in Malaysia, to advance this technology. Notably, the company has integrated its prototype with Independence-X Aerospace’s Microgravity Experiment Re-entry Capsule (MERCAP), which serves as the re-entry vehicle for the unmanned orbital laboratory.

Ethical Considerations and Research Roadmap

Ethical considerations are paramount in SpaceBorn United’s research. The company has secured approval from the Ethical Committee at Ghent University, enabling ground-based experiments at Ghent University Hospital’s IVF Lab. These experiments are crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of space-based reproduction technologies. SpaceBorn United is also developing a multi-decade research roadmap that encompasses all stages of reproduction, from conception to potential natural reproduction in space. This comprehensive plan includes symposiums that bring together experts in biomedicine, space technology, ethics, law, geopolitics, and space business to address the multifaceted challenges of space reproduction.

Implications for Earth and Beyond

While the primary focus is on enabling human reproduction in space, the technologies developed by SpaceBorn United have significant implications for fertility treatments on Earth. Innovations in IVF technology and early embryo development could lead to improved success rates and new treatment methodologies. Moreover, understanding how human biology adapts to space environments can provide insights into human health and resilience, benefiting medical science as a whole.

Looking Ahead

SpaceBorn United’s pioneering work represents a critical step toward realizing the dream of human settlements beyond Earth. By addressing the complex challenges of reproduction in space, the company not only contributes to the feasibility of long-term space colonization but also drives advancements in reproductive science and technology on Earth. As research progresses, the prospect of human life beyond our planet becomes increasingly tangible, marking a new era in space exploration and human potential.

Expanding the Scientific Horizon

Beyond the technical and medical innovations, SpaceBorn United’s work is also reshaping the broader conversation around the future of space exploration. The company’s advisory board includes globally recognized experts such as Rick Tumlinson, a pioneer in space advocacy, and Professor Chris Mason, known for his work on genetics and spaceflight. Their involvement strengthens the scientific credibility and strategic vision of SpaceBorn’s roadmap.

Meanwhile, efforts to test the resilience of reproductive cells under spaceflight conditions continue. Initial hypergravity tests have shown promising results, with oocytes maintaining integrity under up to 9G forces. Upcoming space missions will further explore the impact of microgravity, partial gravity, and radiation on embryo viability, refining both the technology and protocols necessary for success.

As collaboration grows and international interest intensifies, SpaceBorn United is firmly positioned at the forefront of one of space exploration’s most profound challenges—proving that life can not only survive but begin anew beyond Earth.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39677198/

Recent insights from medical professionals shed light  on the profound connection between restful sleep and enhanced fertility outcomes.​

The Underestimated Pillar: Sleep in Fertility Treatments

Sleep is a cornerstone of overall well-being, yet its significance in reproductive health is often overlooked. Dr. Richa Jagtap, Clinical Director at NOVA IVF Fertility, emphasizes that sleep disturbances can disrupt hormonal balances essential for reproduction. “Adequate sleep is crucial for regulating hormones like cortisol and melatonin, which in turn influence reproductive hormones,” she explains. Disruptions in sleep patterns can lead to imbalances that may adversely affect ovulation and menstrual cycles, thereby impacting fertility.​

Hormonal Harmony: The Sleep-Fertility Connection

The body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, plays a pivotal role in regulating hormone production. Melatonin, known for governing sleep-wake cycles, also possesses antioxidant properties that protect eggs from oxidative stress. Furthermore, sleep influences the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), both vital for ovulation and overall reproductive function. Insufficient or poor-quality sleep can disrupt these hormonal cascades, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of fertility treatments like IVF.​

Empirical Evidence: Sleep’s Impact on IVF Outcomes

Studies have delved into the correlation between sleep patterns and IVF success rates. Research indicates that women who consistently achieve 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night have higher pregnancy rates compared to those with irregular or insufficient sleep. Sleep deprivation has been linked to decreased implantation rates and increased miscarriage risks. These findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing sleep as an integral component of fertility treatment protocols.​

Strategies for Enhancing Sleep Quality During IVF

Recognizing the importance of sleep is the first step; implementing strategies to improve it is equally vital. Dr. Jagtap offers practical recommendations:​

1. Establish a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time daily reinforces the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.​
2. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine: Engaging in calming activities before bed, such as reading or meditation, can signal the body to prepare for sleep.​
3. Limit Exposure to Screens Before Bedtime: The blue light emitted by phones, tablets, and computers can interfere with melatonin production. It’s advisable to avoid screens at least an hour before sleeping.​
4. Optimize the Sleep Environment: Ensure the bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool. Investing in a comfortable mattress and pillows can also enhance sleep quality.​
5. Monitor Caffeine and Alcohol Intake: Both substances can disrupt sleep patterns. Limiting their consumption, especially in the hours leading up to bedtime, is beneficial.​
6. Seek Professional Help if Needed: If sleep disturbances persist, consulting a healthcare provider or sleep specialist can provide tailored interventions.​

The Psychological Dimension: Stress, Sleep, and IVF

Undergoing IVF can be an emotionally taxing experience, with stress and anxiety often accompanying the process. This psychological strain can further impair sleep quality, creating a vicious cycle. Incorporating stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing exercises, or counseling can alleviate anxiety, subsequently improving sleep and potentially enhancing IVF outcomes.​

Conclusion: Integrating Sleep into Fertility Wellness

While medical advancements continue to elevate the success rates of fertility treatments, it’s imperative not to overlook foundational aspects of health, such as sleep. By acknowledging and addressing the profound impact of sleep quality on reproductive health, individuals can take proactive steps to optimize their fertility journey. As Dr. Jagtap aptly summarizes, “Prioritizing sleep is not just about rest; it’s about creating an optimal environment for conception and overall well-being.”

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945724005410

potential gender-selective procedures.​ 

Government Measures to Address Gender Imbalance

In an effort to combat this issue, the state has outlined several key measures:​

1. Monitoring IVF Centers: The health department will conduct thorough reviews of data from the past year across the state’s 120 registered IVF centers, with a significant concentration in Gurgaon. This initiative aims to detect any unlawful practices or instances of sex determination, ensuring strict compliance with legal norms.​
2. Regulating Abortion Kits: The drug control department has been directed to ensure that medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) kits are exclusively sold to registered health facilities, preventing unauthorized distribution and potential misuse.​
3. Tracking Third Pregnancies in Families with Two Daughters: Healthcare professionals are instructed to closely monitor pregnancies among couples who already have two daughters. This measure seeks to identify and investigate patterns of repeated abortions, with legal actions to follow if any suspicious activities are uncovered.​

Focus on Districts with Alarming SRB Declines

The government’s strategy emphasizes targeted interventions in districts exhibiting significant SRB declines. Notably, 13 out of Haryana’s 22 districts have reported reductions, with Gurgaon experiencing a drop from 928 in 2023 to 899 in 2024. Other districts with concerning figures include Dadri, Rohtak, Rewari, and Faridabad.​

Historical Context and Ongoing Challenges

Haryana has long grappled with a skewed sex ratio, despite implementing the central government’s ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ campaign over the past decade. The recent downturn in SRB underscores persistent challenges and the need for renewed efforts to address gender imbalances.​

Expert Insights on Gender-Selective Practices

Medical experts highlight that gender-selective practices, though illegal, may still occur covertly, particularly within assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Dr. Manish Bansal, Director General of Health Services in Haryana, stated, “In cases where a third pregnancy occurs in families with two daughters, it will be closely monitored. Special attention will be given to repeated abortion cases, with investigations into the practices of gynecologists involved. If any suspicious patterns emerge, legal action will be taken against the medical professionals after a thorough investigation.”​

Legal Framework and Enforcement

India’s Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act prohibits sex selection and prescribes stringent penalties for violations. The Haryana government’s current initiatives aim to reinforce the enforcement of this law, ensuring that medical practitioners and facilities adhere strictly to ethical and legal standards.​

Community Engagement and Awareness

Beyond regulatory measures, the government plans to engage with local communities to raise awareness about the adverse effects of gender imbalance. Educational campaigns will focus on promoting the value of the girl child and dispelling myths that contribute to gender-biased practices.​

Potential Impact on IVF Practices

The scrutiny of IVF centers may lead to the implementation of more stringent protocols and oversight mechanisms. Clinics may be required to maintain detailed records and undergo regular audits to ensure compliance with anti-sex selection laws.​

Challenges in Implementation

While the government’s measures are comprehensive, challenges in implementation persist. Ensuring the cooperation of medical professionals, addressing potential loopholes in the system, and changing deep-seated societal attitudes toward gender preference require sustained efforts and resources.​

Conclusion

The Haryana government’s proactive steps to investigate and address the declining sex ratio reflect a commitment to promoting gender equality and curbing unlawful practices. By focusing on IVF centers, regulating abortion practices, and monitoring pregnancies in specific family contexts, the state aims to ensure compliance with legal standards and foster a more balanced demographic landscape. Continued vigilance, community engagement, and strict enforcement of laws will be crucial in achieving these objectives.

Reference : https://www.nextias.com/ca/current-affairs/10-01-2025/sex-ratio-birth-haryana#:~:text=About,%2C%20while%2047.64%25%20were%20girls.

not just biological but also environmental factors in the lab—offering fresh hope to millions of aspiring parents. 

Rethinking IVF: Beyond Biology and Medicine

IVF has long focused on biological and medical factors, such as hormone levels, egg quality, and sperm viability. But Malmö University’s new research underscores a less explored element: the lab environment itself.

“There are so many factors that can influence IVF success, and some of the most overlooked ones are actually external—like temperature, air pressure, humidity, and the presence of microparticles in the lab,” explains researcher Reza Khoshkangini, who is leading the project.

Ideally, labs should be airtight to maintain consistent conditions. But IVF samples, including embryos, need to be handled and moved throughout the fertilization process—usually over six days. As a result, maintaining perfect lab conditions is nearly impossible.

AI Meets Fertility Science

To tackle this, the Malmö team collaborated with industry experts to develop advanced environmental sensors that are now installed in the university’s reproductive center. These sensors collect real-time data every 10 minutes on critical environmental variables that might affect embryo development.

Complementing these sensors are high-resolution images of the developing embryos, providing an in-depth view of how they respond to different conditions. All of this data is then analyzed using AI, particularly machine learning algorithms, which detect patterns and predict outcomes.

“What we hope AI can do is find a link—a repeating pattern—between variations in environmental conditions and what happens in the embryo sample,” Khoshkangini says. “If we can understand how external factors influence embryo development in a negative way, we can begin to adjust and optimise our labs to prevent that.”

Predicting Future Success

The team’s vision is to use AI not just to monitor conditions, but to predict the outcome of a fertilization cycle. By learning which specific lab environments correlate with high-quality embryo development, researchers aim to design protocols that can be implemented across fertility clinics worldwide.

“Through AI, we can use the data to predict a future outcome—simply put, which circumstances will produce a qualitative outcome,” Khoshkangini adds.

The implications go far beyond just one clinic. If successful, this model could become a global template, helping IVF clinics in diverse climates adjust their lab environments for better success rates.

Expanding the Scope: From Malmö to the World

While the initial study is being conducted in Malmö, Khoshkangini and his team are actively looking to collaborate with clinics outside Europe, aiming to understand how local climates and environmental conditions play into IVF success rates.

“We want to see how transferable our findings are. What works in Sweden may not work in Brazil or India. But if AI can find adaptable patterns, then we’re looking at a global breakthrough,” he says.

A Broader Impact on Society

The societal implications are significant. Infertility affects around one in six couples globally, often leading to emotional distress, strained relationships, and even financial hardship.

“Not having a child affects not only the parents, but society,” says Khoshkangini. “Improving IVF outcomes could transform lives by addressing core issues like fertility, mental health, and family planning. It also contributes to greater socio-economic equality, giving more people the chance to build families regardless of their geographic or financial circumstances.”

The Future of Fertility is Intelligent

As IVF technology continues to evolve, Malmö University’s work marks a promising shift towards more data-informed, AI-assisted treatment strategies. Although success rates have gradually improved over the last few decades, they still leave room for significant enhancement.

“This is where I hope we can make a difference,” Khoshkangini concludes. “With AI, we can not only improve IVF success rates, but also ensure that more people around the world have the chance to start families.”

In an age where artificial intelligence is shaping industries from finance to healthcare, it may soon become one of the most vital tools in the journey to parenthood.

Reference: https://medicalbuyer.co.in/how-ai-driven-research-can-improve-ivf-success-rates/ 

This technique promises to ease both the physical and financial burdens faced by patients undergoing traditional IVF.

The company’s innovative method replaces up to 80% of the hormone injections required in standard IVF treatments, reducing the hormone phase to just two or three days, followed by egg retrieval. These eggs are then matured in the lab using ovarian support cells derived from stem cells—a novel step that is showing encouraging results.

A Modern Take on In Vitro Maturation (IVM)

While in vitro maturation (IVM) has existed since the 1990s, it hasn’t been widely adopted due to lower success rates compared to IVF. During IVM, immature eggs are extracted from the ovaries and grown in a controlled lab environment. Gameto’s approach revives and enhances this method by using lab-grown ovarian cells to mimic the natural environment of the ovary, thus improving egg quality and outcomes.

In a recent preprint study, Gameto tested Fertilo on 40 patients across clinics in Mexico and Peru. The first 20 underwent the procedure to assess safety, while the remaining were split between Fertilo and traditional IVM for a head-to-head comparison.

The results are promising:

• 70% of eggs matured using Fertilo developed normally, compared to 52% with IVM. 
• 44% of women treated with Fertilo became pregnant after one cycle, compared to just 20% in the IVM group. 
• So far, there have been 15 ongoing pregnancies—13 from Fertilo, two from IVM—with one live birth already announced in Peru and more expected this spring. 

A Patient-Friendly Approach to Egg Maturation

Gameto CEO and founder Dina Radenkovic calls Fertilo a “patient-centric solution,” designed to simplify the egg retrieval process. Traditional IVF involves 10 to 14 days of self-administered hormone injections, which can lead to bloating, mood swings, and in rare cases, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)—a painful and potentially serious condition.

These hormone treatments can cost between $4,000 and $7,000 per cycle in the U.S., making up a substantial portion of IVF’s overall price tag. Gameto’s lab-based maturation offers a faster, less invasive, and potentially more affordable option.

“We’re essentially recreating the ovary outside the body,” says Christian Kramme, Gameto’s chief scientific officer. Fertilo uses reproductive support cells engineered from stem cells, allowing eggs to mature in just 30 hours in a lab setting.

Who Benefits the Most from Fertilo?

Experts believe that younger patients looking to freeze their eggs—perhaps for future family planning—could benefit most from Fertilo’s less aggressive approach. These individuals may be less inclined to endure the side effects of traditional IVF when there’s no immediate urgency to conceive.

Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) could also find Fertilo a safer alternative. Those with PCOS are more sensitive to hormone stimulation and at greater risk for OHSS, making traditional IVF riskier.

Still, how Fertilo compares directly to standard IVF remains to be seen. The company has launched a Phase 3 clinical trial in the U.S. involving several hundred patients to determine its efficacy and broader applicability.

Reproductive endocrinologist and investor David Sable views the early results as intriguing, though he cautions against overinterpreting them: “The question is, are they developing a better version of an inferior process, or something that can compete with IVF?” he says.

A Path Toward Affordable and Accessible Fertility Care

Gameto’s technology has already received approval in Australia, Japan, Argentina, Paraguay, Mexico, and Peru. The company anticipates 20 more births in 2025 using Fertilo and is currently collaborating with U.S. clinics—including Reproductive Fertility Center in California—for its expanded trials.

Dr. Daniel Williams, medical director at the Reproductive Fertility Center, emphasizes that any reduction in IVF cost would be a major win: “If you can find ways to decrease the cost, you open access to patients that may not be able to do it.”

While pricing for Fertilo hasn’t been finalized, Radenkovic believes Fertilo’s simplicity and reduced reliance on drugs make it a viable option for many. “This could be the new and more modern way of doing fertility care,” she says.

As more data rolls in and the U.S. trial progresses, Fertilo may well emerge as a gentler, more affordable alternative to traditional IVF—one that could bring the dream of parenthood within reach for thousands more hopeful families.

Reference: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kimberlyha_an-ivf-alternative-could-make-having-babies-activity-7315136505616752640-b5fW

Rising global temperatures and increasing pollution levels are affecting reproductive health in ways that many are only beginning to understand. Could these silent environmental changes be contributing to the global fertility crisis?

The Link Between Climate Change and Fertility

Female Fertility and PCOS: A Hidden Threat

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal disorder affecting one in ten women, may be particularly vulnerable to climate-related fertility risks. Studies suggest that pollution and heat stress exacerbate PCOS symptoms, making conception more difficult.

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) released into the environment due to pollution interfere with hormonal balance. Since PCOS is already associated with high androgen levels, exposure to these chemicals can further disrupt the endocrine system, worsening insulin resistance and ovulatory dysfunction.

In such cases, PCOS supplements such as inositol, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D may help support hormonal balance and improve fertility outcomes.

Heat Stress and Sperm Quality

Male fertility is also under threat. High temperatures, whether from climate change, occupational hazards, or lifestyle choices, can reduce sperm count and quality. The testes function optimally at a temperature slightly lower than the body’s core temperature, but prolonged heat exposure can impair motility and increase DNA fragmentation in sperm cells.

A study published in the National Library of Medicine found that heat waves significantly reduced sperm counts in insects, an important biological model for human reproductive health.

Pregnancy Complications and Extreme Heat

Expectant mothers face heightened risks due to rising temperatures. Heat stress during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of:

• Miscarriage
• Stillbirth
• Preterm births

When temperatures rise, the body must work harder to cool both the mother and the developing baby. Dehydration caused by excessive heat can also contribute to low birth weight, gestational diabetes, and high blood pressure complications.

How Pollution Affects Reproductive Health

Air Pollution and Hormonal Disruptions

Air pollution is a significant but often overlooked factor in declining fertility rates. Pollutants in the air interfere with hormone production and reproductive function.

• Men exposed to high levels of air pollution often experience lower testosterone levels and decreased sperm counts.
• Women may develop irregular menstrual cycles, reduced ovarian reserves, and accelerated reproductive aging.

Long-term exposure to air pollution can significantly reduce a woman’s chances of conceiving naturally.

Chemical Pollution and Endocrine Disruptors

Beyond air pollution, chemical pollutants found in plastics, pesticides, and industrial waste contain EDCs. These chemicals mimic or block hormones, leading to reproductive health issues in both men and women.

Reducing plastic use, opting for organic food, and limiting exposure to industrial chemicals may help safeguard fertility.

What Can Be Done?

Policy Changes and Pollution Control

Governments must take stronger action to protect reproductive health through environmental policies, including:

• Limiting carbon emissions
• Promoting clean energy
• Regulating industrial pollutants

Climate-Resilient Healthcare

Healthcare systems need to adapt to climate-related fertility challenges by expanding:

• Access to reproductive healthcare
• PCOS management programmes
• Fertility treatment services, particularly in vulnerable regions.

Personal Lifestyle Changes

While large-scale policy changes are essential, individuals can also take proactive steps to protect their fertility:

• Avoid prolonged heat exposure
• Reduce plastic consumption
• Opt for organic, chemical-free foods

How Technology Helps Couples Conceive

Despite the environmental challenges, technological advancements are improving fertility outcomes. Couples facing conception difficulties can benefit from:

• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
• Egg freezing
• AI-powered embryo selection
• Genetic screening
• Hormone-tracking apps

Wearable devices that monitor ovulation cycles and fertility-enhancing supplements are also making conception more accessible than ever.

Final Thoughts: The Silent Crisis We Must Address

Climate change is no longer just an environmental issue—it is a public health crisis affecting fertility worldwide. Rising temperatures, air pollution, and chemical exposure play a significant role in declining birth rates.

However, science and technology offer hope. By raising awareness, implementing policy changes, and leveraging cutting-edge reproductive advancements, we can mitigate the impact of climate change on fertility and help future generations thrive.

Staying informed and taking action is essential to safeguarding reproductive health in a changing world.

Reference : https://www.garbhagudi.com/blogs/how-climate-change-impacts-global-fertility-rates#:.

heat can disrupt hormone regulation, impact sperm quality, and even interfere with ovulation cycles, making conception more challenging.

How Heat Affects Male Fertility

According to Dr. Sai Manasa Darla, Clinical Head & Fertility Specialist at Oasis Fertility, Hyderabad, high temperatures can significantly affect male fertility.

“Prolonged exposure to heat can lead to reduced sperm quality and production. The testes require an optimal temperature, around 35-36°C, slightly lower than body temperature, for sperm to develop properly,” she explained.

Men who frequently use saunas, hot tubs, or wear tight clothing may experience a temporary decline in fertility. However, these effects are usually reversible if the heat exposure is minimized.

The Impact on Female Fertility

Women are not immune to the effects of extreme temperatures either. The scorching summer heat can disrupt ovulation cycles and hormonal balance, leading to irregular menstrual cycles.

“High temperatures cause stress and dehydration, both of which can interfere with hormone production and the implantation process. This makes it harder for fertilized eggs to develop properly,” said Dr. Sai Manasa.

Additionally, studies suggest that prolonged exposure to high temperatures may accelerate ovarian aging, potentially reducing fertility over time. In some cases, heat can even affect the success of fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Preventive Measures to Protect Fertility

With temperatures continuing to rise, experts advise couples to take proactive steps to safeguard their reproductive health. Dr. Sai Manasa recommends:

• Staying hydrated to prevent heat-induced hormonal imbalances.
• Wearing loose-fitting clothing to help regulate body temperature.
• Avoiding hot tubs, saunas, and prolonged heat exposure.
• Following a balanced diet rich in fertility-boosting nutrients.
• Practicing stress management techniques to maintain hormonal stability.

Seeking guidance from fertility specialists can also help couples navigate potential challenges and improve their chances of conception during extreme weather conditions.

Debunking Common Myths About Weather and Fertility

While science confirms that extreme temperatures can impact fertility, several misconceptions still persist.

Myth 1: Only Women’s Fertility Is Affected by Heat
Many believe that only women experience fertility issues due to temperature changes. In reality, male fertility is equally vulnerable, as prolonged heat exposure can reduce sperm count and motility.

Myth 2: Drinking Cold Beverages Can Prevent Heat-Related Fertility Issues
Staying hydrated is crucial, but drinking cold water or beverages doesn’t directly protect fertility. It’s more important to avoid overheating by wearing loose clothing and limiting exposure to extreme temperatures.

Myth 3: Seasonal Infertility Is Permanent
Fertility fluctuations due to seasonal heat are often temporary. Reducing exposure to extreme temperatures and following expert advice can help restore reproductive health.

The Bottom Line

As global temperatures continue to rise, the impact of heat on fertility is becoming an increasing concern. While temporary setbacks can be reversed with proper care, prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures may have lasting effects on reproductive health. Raising awareness and adopting preventive strategies can help couples maintain their fertility even in the harshest weather conditions.

For those facing difficulties in conceiving, consulting a fertility expert can provide personalised advice on mitigating the effects of seasonal changes.
Reference link : https://www.cloudninecare.com/blog/how-heatwaves-can-affect-fertility#:~:text=Hot%20weather%20can%20affect%20fertility,cycle%20and%20ovulation%20in%20women.

The Role of Semen Analysis in Diagnosing TB-Related Infertility

Semen analysis is a fundamental diagnostic tool for assessing male fertility. It evaluates key parameters such as:

• Sperm morphology (size and shape)
• Motility (the ability to move effectively)
• Sperm count

According to Dr Karne, “Semen analysis is crucial in identifying the causes of male infertility. It provides a comprehensive evaluation of sperm quality and helps detect abnormalities that could indicate underlying infections, hormonal imbalances, or anatomical issues.”

If semen analysis reveals abnormal sperm parameters in men with unexplained infertility, further investigation is required to determine if TB or another condition is the root cause.

Diagnosing Tuberculosis-Related Infertility

When TB is suspected as a contributing factor to male infertility, additional testing is necessary. Common diagnostic methods include:

• Ultrasound imaging – to detect inflammation or blockages in reproductive organs
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing – to identify TB bacteria in semen samples
• Semen culture – to confirm the presence of an infection

If TB is diagnosed, prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotics is essential to prevent long-term reproductive damage.

Symptoms and Challenges in Detecting TB-Related Infertility

One of the biggest challenges in diagnosing TB-related infertility is that symptoms can be mild or even nonexistent. “Many men do not show any overt signs of infection, making diagnosis difficult,” Dr Karne explained. “Some may experience fever, scrotal pain, or swelling, but these symptoms are not always definitive indicators of TB.”

Another major issue is latent TB, where the bacteria remain dormant in the body for years without causing symptoms. This makes it harder for doctors to link TB to unexplained infertility, particularly in regions where the infection is more prevalent.

Is TB-Related Infertility Treatable?

The good news is that TB-related infertility is often reversible with timely treatment. Once diagnosed, patients undergo a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. If detected early, this treatment can prevent lasting damage to the reproductive organs, allowing sperm production and quality to return to normal.

A study published in the Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences found that early treatment with antitubercular medication can improve semen parameters and, in some cases, reverse azoospermia (absence of sperm in semen). However, if TB has caused extensive scarring or blockages in the vas deferens or epididymis, surgical intervention may be required.

Advanced Treatment Options for Severe Cases

For men whose reproductive organs have been severely affected by TB, Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) can provide a path to fatherhood.

Dr Karne noted, “Procedures such as In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) or sperm retrieval can help men with TB-related reproductive damage conceive a child. These technologies offer hope for couples struggling with infertility caused by TB.”

Bottom Line

While TB is not a leading cause of male infertility, its impact should not be overlooked. “Early diagnosis and treatment are key to reversing TB-related infertility,” Dr Karne emphasised. “Men experiencing unexplained fertility issues should consult a healthcare provider to explore all possible causes, including TB, and develop an effective treatment plan.”

For those struggling with infertility, understanding the potential role of infections like TB can be life-changing. With proper medical intervention, many men can restore their fertility and achieve their dream of parenthood.

Reference : https://www.nanditapalshetkar.com/blog/can-tuberculosis-cause-infertility#:~:text=TB%20can%20cause%20a%20condition,tough%20to%20make%20a%20baby

impact on fertility.  Sufficient vitamin D levels contribute to hormonal balance, reproductive health, and improved chances of conception. However, experts warn that both deficiency and excessive sun exposure can pose risks, making a balanced approach essential.

Vitamin D: A Double-Edged Sword for Fertility

Dr. Venkata Sujatha Vellanki, a leading fertility specialist at Oasis Fertility, explains:

“For the body to synthesise vitamin D, moderate sun exposure is necessary, but finding the ideal balance is important because both insufficiency and excessive exposure have risks. The relationship between sun exposure and reproductive health is complex—it’s a double-edged sword.”

Both too little and too much vitamin D can negatively impact fertility. While deficiency has been linked to hormonal imbalances and reduced reproductive function, overexposure can increase the risk of skin damage and other health concerns.

How to Get the Right Amount of Vitamin D

Sunlight remains the most natural and effective way for the body to produce vitamin D. When the skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, it triggers vitamin D synthesis. The ideal time for sun exposure is midday, as the sun’s rays are at their strongest. However, the recommended duration varies based on skin type:

• Fair skin: 10–15 minutes of sun exposure
• Darker skin tones: 20–30 minutes or more 

Longer exposure is necessary for individuals with darker skin, as higher melanin levels reduce vitamin D production. However, prolonged sun exposure can lead to skin damage, making it essential to find the right balance.

The Connection Between Vitamin D and Fertility

Vitamin D plays a critical role in reproductive health for both men and women. It regulates hormones, improves egg quality in women, and enhances sperm motility in men. Studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency can contribute to fertility challenges such as irregular ovulation in women and poor sperm quality in men.

Dr. Prinka Bajaj, Senior Consultant Fertility Specialist at Oasis Fertility, emphasises the importance of supplementation for individuals in low-sunlight regions:

“Supplements can assist people who live in areas with little sunlight in maintaining healthy levels of vitamin D. However, excessive sun exposure raises the risk of skin cancer. Skin cells can be harmed by excessive UV radiation exposure, increasing the risk of premature ageing and skin diseases.”

To protect against UV damage, applying sunscreen after the recommended sun exposure period is highly advised.

Balancing Sunlight for Optimal Fertility

The key to maximising the benefits of vitamin D without the risks lies in a balanced approach. Moderate sun exposure, a nutrient-rich diet, and supplements when necessary can help maintain optimal vitamin D levels. Individuals concerned about their vitamin D levels should consider consulting a healthcare professional for guidance on safe sun exposure and supplementation.

In conclusion, while vitamin D is essential for fertility and overall well-being, mindful sun exposure is critical. Striking the right balance ensures the benefits of this vital nutrient without compromising health.

Reference : https://reproductive-health-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12978-024-01797-y

fertility in both men and women.  In an exclusive interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr. Kaberi Banerjee, an infertility and IVF expert and founder of Advance Fertility & Gynecology Centre, sheds light on how these substances affect reproductive health.

The Hidden Dangers of Smoking on Fertility

Dr. Banerjee highlighted the severe impact smoking has on reproductive health. She explained that smoking increases oxidative stress and causes DNA damage in men, reducing sperm production, motility, and quality. “This not only lowers fertility but also increases the risk of erectile dysfunction,” she noted.

For women, the effects are just as alarming. Smoking can deplete ovarian reserves, disturb hormonal balance, and negatively affect ovulation. “It is linked to premature menopause and a reduced chance of natural conception. Moreover, toxic substances in cigarette smoke can damage the fallopian tubes, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy,” Dr. Banerjee warned. These findings underline the importance of quitting smoking for those planning to conceive.

Alcohol: A Silent Threat to Reproductive Health

Alcohol consumption, particularly in excessive amounts, has long been associated with various health risks. However, its impact on fertility is often overlooked. Dr. Banerjee revealed that alcohol can suppress fertility in both men and women. “Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption disrupts menstrual cycles, making ovulation irregular and conception more challenging for women,” she said.

For men, alcohol lowers testosterone levels and damages sperm production. “Over time, it can even lead to testicular shrinkage,” she cautioned. While moderate drinking might not have immediate drastic effects, it is advisable to limit or avoid alcohol, especially when trying to conceive.

The Role of Caffeine in Fertility Decline

Caffeine is an essential part of daily life for many, but excessive intake can negatively impact fertility. Dr. Banerjee explained that moderate caffeine consumption—about 1-2 cups of coffee per day—might not be harmful. However, exceeding 3-4 cups daily could lead to hormonal imbalances and irregular menstrual cycles.

“In women, high caffeine intake is linked to a lower implantation success rate and an increased risk of miscarriage,” she stated. In men, excessive caffeine can reduce testosterone levels, lower sperm quality, and decrease motility, ultimately affecting fertility.

The Need for Lifestyle Changes

Dr. Banerjee emphasized the importance of making healthier lifestyle choices to improve fertility. She advised limiting caffeine intake, avoiding smoking, and moderating alcohol consumption to enhance reproductive health. “By making these adjustments, individuals can significantly increase their chances of conception and ensure better overall health,” she concluded.

As fertility rates continue to decline globally, it is crucial to raise awareness about the impact of lifestyle habits on reproductive health. Couples trying to conceive should consider adopting healthier choices to improve their chances of parenthood.

Final Thoughts

Small lifestyle changes today can pave the way for a healthier future, ensuring better fertility and overall well-being. Cutting back on smoking, alcohol, and caffeine might just be the first step towards successful conception and a healthier pregnancy. By maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management techniques, individuals can further boost reproductive health. Seeking professional guidance when needed and making informed choices about lifestyle habits can significantly enhance fertility outcomes. A proactive approach to health today can lead to a happier, healthier future for both parents and their future children.

Reference: https://thesouthfirst.com/health/lighting-up-burning-out-how-smoking-harms-fertility/

Celebrities such as Love Island’s Anna Vakili and Geordie Shore’s Vicky Pattison have openly shared their egg-freezing journeys, urging women to take control of their reproductive futures. Even Hollywood star Florence Pugh, 28, has spoken out about her experience, revealing that medical concerns prompted her to preserve her fertility.

But is egg freezing in your 20s really worth it? Experts say the answer is yes. According to them, early egg freezing is a game-changer for future fertility. 

Why Freeze Your Eggs Early?

Egg freezing is increasingly seen as a proactive measure rather than a last resort. According to Dr Deepali Misra-Sharp, an NHS GP and women’s health specialist, freezing eggs in your 20s significantly improves the chances of a successful pregnancy later in life.

“Younger eggs have fewer chromosomal abnormalities, increasing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy,” she explains. “Eggs also accumulate DNA damage over time, making conception more difficult as women age.”

Here’s why early egg freezing is gaining traction:

Higher egg quality: Women are born with a finite number of eggs, and by their late 30s, less than 100,000 remain. Eggs frozen in a woman’s 20s have a better chance of fertilisation and a lower risk of genetic abnormalities.

Better hormone levels: Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), which indicates ovarian reserve, is highest in a woman’s 20s. This means more eggs can be retrieved in a single cycle, increasing the success rate.

Increased IVF success: Using eggs frozen in a woman’s 20s results in higher IVF success rates, mirroring those of younger women. By 40, miscarriage rates rise to 50%, compared to just 10-15% for women in their 20s.

More reproductive freedom: Freezing eggs removes the pressure of the “biological clock,” allowing women to focus on careers, relationships, or personal goals without feeling rushed into parenthood.

The Cost of Egg Freezing

One of the biggest concerns surrounding egg freezing is cost. However, it may be more affordable than many think.

According to the Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority, egg collection and freezing costs around £3,350, with annual storage fees ranging from £125 to £350. For some, this is a more manageable investment compared to other major expenses, such as a house deposit, which averages £36,000 in the UK.

Moreover, acting early could make women eligible for up to three rounds of free IVF on the NHS in certain regions—an opportunity that disappears after age 35.

Challenging the Stigma

Despite its benefits, egg freezing remains a controversial topic. Vicky Pattison, 35, faced backlash after sharing her decision to freeze her eggs rather than have children immediately. “People were asking why I wouldn’t just have a baby now that I have a boyfriend,” she told the BBC. “It’s such an outdated mindset.”

She argues that women should be praised for taking control of their futures rather than pressured into motherhood before they are ready. “Why aren’t we celebrating women who say, ‘This isn’t the right time, and I want to give my future children the best start in life’?”

TV presenter Kirsty Allsop has also encouraged women to consider motherhood earlier if possible. “If you want kids and you’re in a stable relationship, have them in your late 20s,” she advised. “It does NOT get easier the later you leave it.”

Is Egg Freezing the Right Choice?

While egg freezing offers flexibility, it is not a guaranteed solution. Success depends on factors such as ovarian reserve, medical history, and individual health conditions. Dr Misra-Sharp emphasises the importance of consulting a fertility specialist early.

“If egg freezing is an option, assessing AMH levels and ovarian reserve can help determine the likelihood of success,” she advises. “The earlier, the better in terms of egg quality, but it’s a deeply personal decision.”

A Future-Proof Investment

As fertility rates decline and more women delay motherhood, egg freezing is emerging as a viable strategy to safeguard reproductive choices. Whether motivated by career aspirations, financial concerns, or simply the desire for flexibility, an increasing number of women in their 20s are taking charge of their fertility—before time starts working against them.

References link : https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/all-you-need-to-know-about-egg-freezing-dr-sarita-sukhija-the-leading-force-behind-myra-ivf-answers-all-whys-hows-and-whats-about-the-process/

AI is revolutionizing in-vitro fertilization (IVF), improving success rates and making treatments more efficient.

Experts in reproductive medicine are embracing AI-driven tools to refine embryo selection, personalize treatment plans, and minimize human error in fertility labs. This technological evolution is bringing new hope to couples struggling with infertility.

In an exclusive interview with IndiaMedToday, Dr. Ramnath Babu TJ, Co-founder and CEO of SpOvum Technologies, shares insights into how AI is revolutionizing fertility treatments.

AI in Embryo Selection: A Game-Changer for IVF Success

One of the most crucial factors in IVF success is selecting the most viable embryo. Traditionally, embryologists relied on manual morphological evaluation using microscopes—a process prone to subjectivity and variability. AI has significantly improved embryo selection by introducing:

Time-lapse imaging: Continuous monitoring of embryo development, capturing key milestones that might be missed in static observations.

Genetic screening integration: AI leverages genetic testing (PGT-A) and metabolic markers to assess embryo viability without invasive procedures.

Predictive analytics: AI algorithms rank embryos based on viability, enabling embryologists to make more data-driven decisions.

Studies indicate that AI improves embryo viability predictions by 75.5%, surpassing conventional selection methods. Furthermore, AI-driven models increase pregnancy outcome accuracy to 66%, compared to 38% using traditional approaches.

SpOvum Technologies: Enhancing IVF Workflows with AI

SpOvum Technologies offers an AI-integrated Platform as a Solution (PaaS), streamlining IVF workflows and boosting success rates. Their innovative platform optimizes fertility treatments through:

1. Real-time lab health monitoring: Ensures stable laboratory conditions for optimal embryo development.
2. Smart Witness Technology: Tracks and verifies gametes and consumables, enhancing traceability and reducing errors.
3. Automated patient data integration: Enables personalized treatment plans based on historical data.
4. Compliance with ART regulations: Ensures adherence to Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) standards, minimizing legal and ethical risks.

With AI automating administrative tasks, clinics can focus more on patient care while reducing operational inefficiencies.

Minimizing Errors: AI’s Role in IVF Accuracy and Safety

AI’s ability to analyze vast datasets ensures precision in IVF procedures. Key benefits include:

Error-free embryo tracking: 100% traceability to prevent sample mislabeling.

AI-assisted sperm and egg selection: Enhances fertilization success rates.

Automated lab management: Eliminates transcription errors, ensuring complete documentation.

AI-driven ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): RoboICSI reduces damage rates significantly, improving fertilization outcomes.

By removing human subjectivity, AI ensures consistency, increasing the reliability of fertility treatments.

The Future of AI in IVF: A Decision-Support Tool for Embryologists

Despite AI’s advancements, human expertise remains critical in fertility treatments. AI functions as a decision-support system, offering embryologists data-driven insights while they handle ethical and clinical considerations. Looking ahead, AI will continue to evolve in areas such as:

• Enhanced embryo grading algorithms
• Personalized fertility treatments based on predictive analytics
• Robotic automation in lab processes for greater efficiency

Conclusion

AI is revolutionizing IVF by making fertility treatments more precise, efficient, and accessible. SpOvum Technologies’ AI-powered platform is setting new industry standards, minimizing human errors, and optimizing IVF success rates. As technology continues to evolve, the integration of AI will further enhance reproductive healthcare, offering new hope for prospective parents worldwide.

Reference: https://ehealth.eletsonline.com/2024/11/revolutionizing-fertility-care-spovum-technologies-vision-for-advancing-art-in-india-and-beyond/

A recent study indicates that men sleeping fewer than six hours or more than nine hours per night are more likely to experience abnormal sperm morphology (shape and structure), reduced sperm motility (movement), and lower sperm concentration. Doctors emphasize that maintaining a balanced sleep schedule of six to eight hours is essential for sperm health and overall reproductive success.

Hormonal Disruptions: The Silent Threat to Fertility

Experts highlight that testosterone, the key hormone responsible for sperm production, is closely linked to sleep. Deep sleep stages trigger the body’s testosterone production, supporting healthy sperm development. However, sleep disturbances caused by stress, insomnia, or medical conditions such as sleep apnea can significantly lower testosterone levels, impacting sperm output.

Furthermore, researchers warn that chronic sleep deprivation increases oxidative stress, which can damage sperm DNA and reduce fertility. “When men experience prolonged sleep disruptions, their bodies produce higher levels of stress hormones, which negatively impact sperm quality and overall reproductive health,” said a leading fertility specialist.

Sleep Disorders and Their Impact on Reproductive Health

Doctors also caution that it is not just the duration of sleep that matters but also its quality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)—a condition that causes repeated breathing interruptions during sleep—can significantly disrupt hormonal balance and oxygen levels, leading to fertility issues.

Several studies have found that:

• Fragmented sleep raises cortisol levels – High cortisol (stress hormone) disrupts reproductive hormone function.
• Inflammation caused by poor sleep affects sperm production – Chronic inflammation in the body has been linked to reduced fertility in men.

Medical experts urge men experiencing chronic sleep disturbances or sleep disorders to seek medical intervention to prevent long-term reproductive health issues.

Lifestyle Adjustments to Improve Sleep and Fertility

With fertility rates declining globally, experts stress the importance of prioritizing sleep hygiene as part of an overall reproductive health strategy. To improve sleep and enhance fertility, specialists recommend the following measures:

1. Establish a Relaxing Nighttime Routine

Engaging in calming activities such as reading, meditation, or soft music before bed can improve sleep quality and reduce stress.

2. Reduce Exposure to Blue Light

Bright screens from mobile phones, tablets, and computers can suppress melatonin production, disrupting sleep cycles. Experts advise avoiding screens at least one hour before bedtime.

3. Optimize the Sleep Environment

Creating a dark, quiet, and cool sleeping space can promote deeper sleep, ensuring hormonal stability and better sperm health.

4. Address Underlying Sleep Disorders

Men experiencing persistent sleep issues should consult a healthcare provider. Conditions like insomnia and sleep apnea can be treated with medical interventions, potentially improving fertility outcomes.

5. Manage Stress and Anxiety

Practicing yoga, deep breathing exercises, and light physical activity can help lower stress levels, which play a crucial role in maintaining sleep quality and reproductive health.

Experts Call for Greater Awareness

As infertility rates continue to rise, doctors are calling for greater awareness of the impact of lifestyle factors, particularly sleep, on male fertility. “Many men focus on diet and exercise while overlooking sleep, which is equally crucial for reproductive health,” said a reproductive endocrinologist.

With growing scientific evidence highlighting the role of sleep in sperm health, medical professionals urge men who are planning to start a family to prioritize good sleep habits as part of their fertility journey.

Reference : https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-high-altitude-hiking-apnea-explores.html

liver disease and reproductive health, emphasizing the need for specialized care for affected women.  

The Impact of Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis on Fertility

Alcohol-associated hepatitis is a severe inflammatory liver condition caused by excessive alcohol consumption. While its long-term health consequences, including liver failure and cirrhosis, are well-documented, its effects on pregnancy and fertility remain largely unexplored.

A recent study titled “Pregnancy and Liver-Related Outcomes After Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Global Multicenter Study”, conducted by Cooper et al., sought to address this gap. Researchers analyzed data from multiple healthcare centers worldwide, focusing on women of childbearing age with a history of AH.

The results were striking—pregnancy was significantly less common among these women. Several factors could contribute to this reduced fertility, including:

• Hormonal imbalances caused by liver dysfunction
• Medical advice discouraging pregnancy due to health risks
• Underlying reproductive health issues related to alcohol consumption

These findings highlight the critical need for early intervention and reproductive counseling for women with AH, helping them navigate the challenges of conception and pregnancy safely.

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis

For women who did conceive despite a history of AH, the study provided a mix of reassuring and concerning results. Unlike prior assumptions, pregnancy itself did not appear to worsen liver-related complications in these women. This aligns with previous research suggesting that pregnancy does not necessarily accelerate liver disease progression in cases of compensated cirrhosis.

However, while liver-related complications remained stable, pregnancy outcomes were not entirely risk-free. The study found a slightly higher incidence of:

• Preterm births – Babies born before 37 weeks, increase the risk of neonatal complications.
• Low birth weight – Infants weighing less than 2,500 grams, can lead to developmental challenges.

These findings emphasize the importance of preconception counseling and specialized prenatal care for women with a history of AH. Close medical supervision by a team of hepatologists and obstetricians can help optimize both maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Why These Findings Matter

The implications of this research extend beyond individual pregnancies, highlighting broader concerns about alcohol consumption patterns among women. Alcohol-related liver disease is becoming increasingly common among younger adults, with rising cases of AH among women. This trend calls for urgent public health interventions, including:

• Increased awareness about the reproductive consequences of alcohol-related liver disease.
• Screening and early detection of liver damage in women of childbearing age.
• Integration of hepatology and obstetrics care to provide better guidance for women planning pregnancies.

Future Directions in Research and Care

While this study provides crucial insights, there is still much to learn about the long-term reproductive and liver health outcomes in women with AH. Future research should focus on:

• Developing personalized pregnancy guidelines for women with liver disease.
• Studying the role of liver transplantation in improving fertility outcomes.
• Investigating alcohol-related impacts on fetal development beyond birth weight and preterm delivery.

Ultimately, this research serves as a wake-up call for both medical professionals and public health policymakers. As alcohol-associated hepatitis continues to rise among women, ensuring access to specialized reproductive healthcare will be essential in minimizing risks and improving outcomes for both mothers and their babies.

Reference : https://healthsci.queensu.ca/stories/feature/increasing-rates-younger-people-and-women-risk-alcohol-related-liver-disease

How AI and Robotics Are Transforming IVF

IVF involves several delicate steps, with sperm and embryo selection being among the most crucial. Traditionally, these processes rely on embryologists manually analyzing sperm and embryos under a microscope. This method, while effective, is subjective and prone to human error.

IISc’s solution integrates AI-powered computer-aided semen analysis (CASA) and quantitative embryo assessment techniques to automate and enhance accuracy. Machine learning algorithms assess sperm motility, morphology, and viability, while AI-driven embryo selection identifies the healthiest embryos with the highest chances of implantation. This innovation minimizes human bias and increases the efficiency of fertility treatments.

The Role of CASA in Fertility Success

Computer-aided semen analysis (CASA) is a sophisticated imaging and analysis tool that evaluates sperm quality with precision. IISc’s AI-enhanced CASA system provides:

• Sperm Movement Analysis – AI tracks motility patterns, identifying the most active and viable sperm.
• Morphology Assessment – Advanced imaging detects structural abnormalities in sperm, ensuring only the best are selected.
• Viability Testing – AI determines sperm health, improving fertilization chances.

These automated assessments help embryologists make data-driven decisions, reducing the risk of selecting suboptimal sperm for fertilization.

AI in Embryo Selection: A Game-Changer

Beyond sperm analysis, IISc is also working on AI-based embryo selection. Currently, embryologists visually grade embryos based on appearance, which can be inconsistent. IISc’s AI-driven embryo assessment uses deep learning to analyze embryo development patterns, predicting which embryos are most likely to result in a successful pregnancy.

By eliminating subjective evaluations, this technology enhances precision and increases the likelihood of successful implantation. As a result, it reduces the number of IVF cycles required, saving time, emotional distress, and financial costs for patients.

AI-Enhanced Cryopreservation: A New Frontier in IVF

Beyond sperm and embryo selection, IISc is also exploring AI-powered cryopreservation techniques to improve the storage and longevity of reproductive cells. Cryopreservation, or freezing sperm and embryos for future use, is a critical component of IVF. However, the freezing and thawing process can sometimes damage cells, reducing their viability.

By integrating AI-driven monitoring systems, IISc aims to optimize freezing rates, detect minute changes in cell integrity, and enhance post-thaw survival rates. This breakthrough could revolutionize fertility preservation, offering couples greater flexibility in planning their pregnancies while ensuring higher success rates with stored reproductive material.

The Future of AI-Driven IVF Treatments

IISc’s advancements in AI and robotics for IVF represent a significant leap in reproductive medicine. As these technologies continue to evolve, they could make IVF more efficient, accessible, and successful. Clinics worldwide may soon adopt similar AI-driven models, reshaping fertility treatments and offering new possibilities to those hoping to conceive.

With AI taking center stage in medical innovation, IISc’s research could be a turning point in the global IVF landscape, bringing science and technology together to create families.

Reference : https://www.magzter.com/stories/newspaper/The-New-Indian-Express-Bengaluru/IISCS-AI-ROBOTICS-SET-TO-REVOLUTIONISE-IVF-SUCCESS?srsltid=AfmBOop2r8xkORj7As3sSnk9CPp8tPcRlgsliwAtl92XnuNIHwSIkOnK 

disrupts hormones, damages the uterus and ovaries, and increases infertility risks. 

The Study Exposes Alarming Risks of the World’s Most Widely Used Herbicide

The study suggests that glyphosate may contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis, two leading causes of infertility in women. With glyphosate use increasing globally, experts are now urging immediate action to regulate and reduce exposure to safeguard female reproductive health.

A Chemical Lurking in Everyday Life

Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® and similar weed killers, is sprayed on crops, lawns, and public spaces. In the U.S. alone, over 240 million pounds of glyphosate are applied annually, making it nearly impossible to avoid.

People are exposed through:

• Food & Water – Residues found in fruits, vegetables, grains, and even drinking water.
• Air & Soil – Spraying disperses glyphosate into the environment.
• Skin Contact – Direct exposure from gardening or handling contaminated surfaces.

A 2022 study detected glyphosate in more than 80% of urine samples from U.S. adults and children, highlighting its widespread presence in human bodies.

How Glyphosate Wreaks Havoc on Female Reproductive Health

The study reviewed decades of research and identified several ways glyphosate harms fertility and increases reproductive health risks:

1. Pregnancy Complications

Glyphosate interferes with essential pregnancy hormones like estrogen and progesterone, increasing the risk of:

• Miscarriages
• Preterm birth
• Fetal development issues

2. Uterine Damage

Glyphosate can alter the structure of the uterus, making it harder for embryos to implant. This disruption has been linked to:

• Endometrial hyperplasia (abnormal thickening of the uterine lining)
• Increased infertility risk
• Higher chances of early pregnancy loss

3. Ovarian Dysfunction

Studies show glyphosate exposure reduces the number and quality of eggs, leading to:

• Irregular ovulation
• Hormonal imbalances
• Lower chances of conception

4. Oxidative Stress & DNA Damage

Glyphosate increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause:

• Egg and embryo damage
• Hormonal disruptions
• Weakened immune function

Additionally, glyphosate can block zinc absorption, a mineral crucial for egg development and reproductive health.

5. Genetic Changes Passed to Future Generations

One of the study’s most alarming findings is glyphosate’s ability to alter gene expression (epigenetics), meaning:

• Pregnant women exposed to glyphosate may pass down reproductive issues to their children and grandchildren.
• These changes can increase disease risks for multiple generations.

6. Hormone Disruption

Glyphosate acts as an endocrine disruptor, interfering with estrogen production. This can:

• Affect menstrual cycles
• Disrupt ovulation
• Lead to conditions like PCOS and endometriosis

Regulatory Inaction and Growing Public Concern

Despite growing evidence, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to classify glyphosate as “safe”, even as lawsuits and independent studies link it to serious health risks.

Meanwhile, the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has labeled glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic,” adding to concerns about its long-term effects on human health.

Experts argue that more stringent regulations are needed to protect women’s reproductive health and prevent future fertility crises.

How to Reduce Your Exposure to Glyphosate

While it’s nearly impossible to avoid glyphosate completely, you can take proactive steps to lower your exposure:

• Choose organic foods – Organic crops are grown without glyphosate.
• Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly – This removes surface residues.
• Filter drinking water – Some filtration systems can reduce glyphosate levels.
• Avoid chemical herbicides at home – Opt for natural weed control methods.
• Support organic farming initiatives – Encouraging sustainable agriculture can reduce glyphosate reliance.

A Call for Urgent Action

The study’s authors stress that glyphosate’s impact on female reproductive health is a “pressing public health issue.” They urge policymakers to:

• Fund further research into glyphosate’s long-term effects.
• Develop safer herbicide alternatives to protect fertility.
• Implement stricter regulations to limit human exposure.

With fertility rates declining and reproductive disorders on the rise, experts warn that the time to act is now—before glyphosate’s effects become irreversible for future generations.

Reference Link: https://www.alifehealth.com/press/us-fertility/

Breakthrough Research Sheds Light on Natural Mechanisms Preventing Fertilization

The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, provides key insights into the complexities of reproduction and could lead to significant advancements in both fertility treatments and contraceptive development.

How Does Fertilization Normally Work?

For fertilization to occur, sperm must recognize, adhere to, and fuse with an egg. This process relies on a specific interaction between two key proteins:

• IZUMO1 – A protein found on the surface of sperm cells.
• JUNO – A receptor on the egg that binds with IZUMO1, allowing sperm and egg fusion.

Without this crucial molecular recognition, fertilization cannot take place. However, the Yale-led study has uncovered a naturally occurring sperm antibody that can disrupt this process.

The Role of OBF13: A Natural Barrier to Fertility

First discovered in Japan four decades ago, a sperm antibody known as OBF13 was already known to interfere with fertilization. Until now, however, scientists did not fully understand how this antibody functioned at a molecular level.

Through an X-ray crystal structure analysis, Yale researchers were able to visualize how OBF13 binds to IZUMO1, changing its shape in a way that prevents sperm from successfully attaching to an egg.

The study also identified a high-affinity variant of OBF13 that is even more effective at blocking fertilization. Additionally, researchers found that certain amino acid sites on the egg’s JUNO receptor determine whether sperm can still bind to the egg despite interference from OBF13.

Major Implications for Infertility and Contraception

The discovery has far-reaching implications for reproductive health, particularly in two key areas:

1. Treating Infertility – Around 9% of men and 11% of women of reproductive age in the U.S. struggle with fertility issues. Some of these cases stem from sperm failing to bind to an egg, a process that could be disrupted by OBF13-like mechanisms. Understanding this natural blocking process could help doctors develop new therapies to enhance fertilization success in patients with unexplained infertility. 
2. Developing New Forms of Contraception – By mimicking OBF13’s ability to disrupt sperm egg binding, scientists could create non-hormonal contraceptive methods that block fertilization without affecting hormones. This could provide an alternative to birth control pills, IUDs, and other traditional contraceptives. 

“This research has direct implications for both infertility treatments and contraceptive development,” said Steven Tang, assistant professor of molecular biophysics and biochemistry at Yale and lead author of the study.

A Step Toward the Future of Reproductive Medicine

This is the first time that researchers have mapped out the structure of an anti-sperm antibody-antigen complex, a discovery that could open the door for:

• Targeted infertility treatments that enhance sperm-egg binding in cases where fertilization struggles to occur naturally.
• Non-hormonal contraceptives are designed to block sperm from fertilizing an egg, offering an alternative to traditional birth control methods.
• Drug development and screening aimed at modulating the IZUMO1-JUNO interaction for reproductive health applications.

By better understanding the molecular interactions that govern fertility, researchers may be able to develop both more effective fertility treatments for those trying to conceive and safer, hormone-free contraceptives for those who want to avoid pregnancy.

What’s Next?

With these new findings, scientists will continue to explore ways to:

• Enhance fertilization success in patients experiencing infertility.
• Develop new contraceptive methods based on OBF13’s ability to block sperm-egg fusion.
• Further, investigate other naturally occurring fertility regulators that could play a role in reproduction.

This research marks a major milestone in reproductive science, bringing new hope to individuals struggling with infertility while also paving the way for safer, more effective contraception options.

Reference Link: https://ground.news/article/how-a-naturally-occurring-mechanism-hampers-fertility

Researchers have successfully created functional sperm from pluripotent stem cells in mice, resulting in healthy, fertile offspring.

This milestone not only deepens our understanding of male fertility but also paves the way for new reproductive technologies, potentially eliminating the necessity for natural sperm production. Could this discovery mark the beginning of a future where men’s biological role in reproduction becomes optional?

Decoding Male Germ Cell Development

The formation of sperm is a highly complex process involving multiple stages:

1. Primordial Germ Cell (PGC) Formation – The earliest germ cells emerge in embryos and set the foundation for sperm development.
2. Gonocyte Transformation – These cells undergo epigenetic reprogramming, erasing inherited genetic markers to prepare for sperm production.
3. Spermatogonia Stem Cell Development – These stem cells become the foundation for lifelong sperm production.
4. Spermatogenesis – The final stage, where fully mature sperm cells capable of fertilization are produced.

While previous studies have managed to replicate the initial and final stages of sperm development in the lab, the intermediate phase—spermatogonia stem cell development—has remained a significant challenge. This phase requires precise hormonal and epigenetic conditions to ensure proper differentiation.

How Scientists Created Sperm from Stem Cells

Dr. Yukiko Ishikura and her team tackled this challenge using an innovative technique called the “reconstituted testis method.” This approach recreated the microenvironment of the testes, optimizing conditions for pluripotent stem cells to transform into spermatogonia stem cells.

After testing over 10,000 primordial germ cells in various experimental conditions, the team successfully developed spermatogonia stem cells that closely mirrored their natural counterparts. These lab-grown cells exhibited critical gene expressions and epigenetic markers, confirming their similarity to naturally occurring sperm-producing cells.

To validate their success, the scientists injected these lab-created cells into mouse testes. The cells progressed through normal spermatogenesis, producing viable spermatids. When these spermatids were used to fertilize eggs and implanted into female mice, the result was the birth of healthy, fertile offspring.

This achievement marks the first time the entire developmental pathway of male germ cells has been successfully reconstituted from pluripotent stem cells in a laboratory setting.

Implications for the Future of Fertility

The potential applications of this breakthrough are vast, spanning fertility treatments, genetic research, and reproductive technology.

1. New Hope for Male Infertility – This research could lead to innovative treatments for men with genetic conditions or medical issues that impair sperm production.
2. Revolutionizing Assisted Reproduction – Future advancements could eliminate the need for sperm donation, allowing individuals to have biological children through lab-generated sperm.
3. Understanding Genetic and Epigenetic Inheritance – By studying lab-created germ cells, scientists can explore how genetic material is passed across generations.

Professor Mitinori Saitou, Director of ASHBi, described the research as a “proof of principle” for fully replicating male germ cell development outside the body. This capability could transform fertility science and even contribute to species conservation efforts by enabling reproduction from limited genetic material.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

Despite this promising progress, significant hurdles remain:

• Low Efficiency – The success rate of generating functional spermatogonia stem cells from pluripotent stem cells is still relatively low, requiring further optimization.
• Human Application Uncertainty – The study was conducted on mice, and it is unclear whether the same techniques can be applied to human reproductive biology.
• Ethical Implications – The ability to create sperm from stem cells raises ethical questions regarding artificial reproduction, genetic modifications, and potential misuse of the technology.

Dr. Ishikura acknowledges these challenges, emphasizing that further research is needed to refine the process and ensure safety before any potential human applications.

The Role of Stem Cells in the Future of Medicine

Pluripotent stem cells have already revolutionized medical research, offering new possibilities for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease modeling. This study demonstrates their potential to address one of the most fundamental biological processes—reproduction.

Since germ cells carry genetic information from one generation to the next, the ability to replicate sperm development in a lab could have profound implications for understanding heredity and evolution. Scientists may one day harness this technology to prevent genetic disorders, extend fertility options, or even reshape how future generations are conceived.

Conclusion: A New Era in Reproductive Science?

The successful creation of sperm from stem cells represents a groundbreaking advancement in fertility research. While the technology is still in its early stages, the potential to redefine human reproduction is undeniable.

Could we be heading toward a future where natural sperm production is no longer necessary? Although there are still many scientific and ethical questions to answer, this research has undoubtedly opened the door to unprecedented possibilities in reproductive science.

One thing is certain: the future of fertility may never be the same again.

Reference : https://ground.news/article/mens-role-in-reproduction-could-soon-become-obsolete