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and enabling human reproduction beyond Earth. Led by CEO Dr. Egbert Edelbroek, the company is developing innovative technologies to facilitate conception and early embryo development in space, laying the groundwork for future space colonization and advancements in fertility treatments on Earth.

The ARTIS Program: IVF in Space

Central to SpaceBorn United’s mission is the Assisted Reproductive Technology in Space (ARTIS) program. This initiative focuses on creating an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) process adapted for space conditions. The plan involves launching a miniaturized IVF lab, known as the ARTIS minilab, into low Earth orbit. During a six-day mission, female reproductive cells will be fertilized under simulated Earth-like gravity. After five to six days of development, the embryos will be cryogenically frozen and returned to Earth for further analysis. Initial missions will utilize mouse cells to ensure the embryos’ health and viability for implantation and birth on Earth. Future missions aim to progress toward using human reproductive cells, with the goal of determining the minimum gravity levels required for healthy embryo development.

Technological Innovations and Collaborations

The ARTIS minilab is a marvel of engineering, equipped with a life support system, microfluidic disc with micropump, micro-cameras, and an array of sensors to monitor subsystems and flight characteristics. SpaceBorn United collaborates with various international partners, including Ghent University in Belgium and Independence-X Aerospace in Malaysia, to advance this technology. Notably, the company has integrated its prototype with Independence-X Aerospace’s Microgravity Experiment Re-entry Capsule (MERCAP), which serves as the re-entry vehicle for the unmanned orbital laboratory.

Ethical Considerations and Research Roadmap

Ethical considerations are paramount in SpaceBorn United’s research. The company has secured approval from the Ethical Committee at Ghent University, enabling ground-based experiments at Ghent University Hospital’s IVF Lab. These experiments are crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of space-based reproduction technologies. SpaceBorn United is also developing a multi-decade research roadmap that encompasses all stages of reproduction, from conception to potential natural reproduction in space. This comprehensive plan includes symposiums that bring together experts in biomedicine, space technology, ethics, law, geopolitics, and space business to address the multifaceted challenges of space reproduction.

Implications for Earth and Beyond

While the primary focus is on enabling human reproduction in space, the technologies developed by SpaceBorn United have significant implications for fertility treatments on Earth. Innovations in IVF technology and early embryo development could lead to improved success rates and new treatment methodologies. Moreover, understanding how human biology adapts to space environments can provide insights into human health and resilience, benefiting medical science as a whole.

Looking Ahead

SpaceBorn United’s pioneering work represents a critical step toward realizing the dream of human settlements beyond Earth. By addressing the complex challenges of reproduction in space, the company not only contributes to the feasibility of long-term space colonization but also drives advancements in reproductive science and technology on Earth. As research progresses, the prospect of human life beyond our planet becomes increasingly tangible, marking a new era in space exploration and human potential.

Expanding the Scientific Horizon

Beyond the technical and medical innovations, SpaceBorn United’s work is also reshaping the broader conversation around the future of space exploration. The company’s advisory board includes globally recognized experts such as Rick Tumlinson, a pioneer in space advocacy, and Professor Chris Mason, known for his work on genetics and spaceflight. Their involvement strengthens the scientific credibility and strategic vision of SpaceBorn’s roadmap.

Meanwhile, efforts to test the resilience of reproductive cells under spaceflight conditions continue. Initial hypergravity tests have shown promising results, with oocytes maintaining integrity under up to 9G forces. Upcoming space missions will further explore the impact of microgravity, partial gravity, and radiation on embryo viability, refining both the technology and protocols necessary for success.

As collaboration grows and international interest intensifies, SpaceBorn United is firmly positioned at the forefront of one of space exploration’s most profound challenges—proving that life can not only survive but begin anew beyond Earth.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39677198/

on the profound connection between restful sleep and enhanced fertility outcomes.​

The Underestimated Pillar: Sleep in Fertility Treatments

Sleep is a cornerstone of overall well-being, yet its significance in reproductive health is often overlooked. Dr. Richa Jagtap, Clinical Director at NOVA IVF Fertility, emphasizes that sleep disturbances can disrupt hormonal balances essential for reproduction. “Adequate sleep is crucial for regulating hormones like cortisol and melatonin, which in turn influence reproductive hormones,” she explains. Disruptions in sleep patterns can lead to imbalances that may adversely affect ovulation and menstrual cycles, thereby impacting fertility.​

Hormonal Harmony: The Sleep-Fertility Connection

The body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, plays a pivotal role in regulating hormone production. Melatonin, known for governing sleep-wake cycles, also possesses antioxidant properties that protect eggs from oxidative stress. Furthermore, sleep influences the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), both vital for ovulation and overall reproductive function. Insufficient or poor-quality sleep can disrupt these hormonal cascades, potentially diminishing the effectiveness of fertility treatments like IVF.​

Empirical Evidence: Sleep’s Impact on IVF Outcomes

Studies have delved into the correlation between sleep patterns and IVF success rates. Research indicates that women who consistently achieve 7-8 hours of quality sleep per night have higher pregnancy rates compared to those with irregular or insufficient sleep. Sleep deprivation has been linked to decreased implantation rates and increased miscarriage risks. These findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing sleep as an integral component of fertility treatment protocols.​

Strategies for Enhancing Sleep Quality During IVF

Recognizing the importance of sleep is the first step; implementing strategies to improve it is equally vital. Dr. Jagtap offers practical recommendations:​

1. Establish a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time daily reinforces the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle.​
2. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine: Engaging in calming activities before bed, such as reading or meditation, can signal the body to prepare for sleep.​
3. Limit Exposure to Screens Before Bedtime: The blue light emitted by phones, tablets, and computers can interfere with melatonin production. It’s advisable to avoid screens at least an hour before sleeping.​
4. Optimize the Sleep Environment: Ensure the bedroom is dark, quiet, and cool. Investing in a comfortable mattress and pillows can also enhance sleep quality.​
5. Monitor Caffeine and Alcohol Intake: Both substances can disrupt sleep patterns. Limiting their consumption, especially in the hours leading up to bedtime, is beneficial.​
6. Seek Professional Help if Needed: If sleep disturbances persist, consulting a healthcare provider or sleep specialist can provide tailored interventions.​

The Psychological Dimension: Stress, Sleep, and IVF

Undergoing IVF can be an emotionally taxing experience, with stress and anxiety often accompanying the process. This psychological strain can further impair sleep quality, creating a vicious cycle. Incorporating stress-reducing techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing exercises, or counseling can alleviate anxiety, subsequently improving sleep and potentially enhancing IVF outcomes.​

Conclusion: Integrating Sleep into Fertility Wellness

While medical advancements continue to elevate the success rates of fertility treatments, it’s imperative not to overlook foundational aspects of health, such as sleep. By acknowledging and addressing the profound impact of sleep quality on reproductive health, individuals can take proactive steps to optimize their fertility journey. As Dr. Jagtap aptly summarizes, “Prioritizing sleep is not just about rest; it’s about creating an optimal environment for conception and overall well-being.”

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945724005410

potential gender-selective procedures.​ 

Government Measures to Address Gender Imbalance

In an effort to combat this issue, the state has outlined several key measures:​

1. Monitoring IVF Centers: The health department will conduct thorough reviews of data from the past year across the state’s 120 registered IVF centers, with a significant concentration in Gurgaon. This initiative aims to detect any unlawful practices or instances of sex determination, ensuring strict compliance with legal norms.​
2. Regulating Abortion Kits: The drug control department has been directed to ensure that medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) kits are exclusively sold to registered health facilities, preventing unauthorized distribution and potential misuse.​
3. Tracking Third Pregnancies in Families with Two Daughters: Healthcare professionals are instructed to closely monitor pregnancies among couples who already have two daughters. This measure seeks to identify and investigate patterns of repeated abortions, with legal actions to follow if any suspicious activities are uncovered.​

Focus on Districts with Alarming SRB Declines

The government’s strategy emphasizes targeted interventions in districts exhibiting significant SRB declines. Notably, 13 out of Haryana’s 22 districts have reported reductions, with Gurgaon experiencing a drop from 928 in 2023 to 899 in 2024. Other districts with concerning figures include Dadri, Rohtak, Rewari, and Faridabad.​

Historical Context and Ongoing Challenges

Haryana has long grappled with a skewed sex ratio, despite implementing the central government’s ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ campaign over the past decade. The recent downturn in SRB underscores persistent challenges and the need for renewed efforts to address gender imbalances.​

Expert Insights on Gender-Selective Practices

Medical experts highlight that gender-selective practices, though illegal, may still occur covertly, particularly within assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Dr. Manish Bansal, Director General of Health Services in Haryana, stated, “In cases where a third pregnancy occurs in families with two daughters, it will be closely monitored. Special attention will be given to repeated abortion cases, with investigations into the practices of gynecologists involved. If any suspicious patterns emerge, legal action will be taken against the medical professionals after a thorough investigation.”​

Legal Framework and Enforcement

India’s Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act prohibits sex selection and prescribes stringent penalties for violations. The Haryana government’s current initiatives aim to reinforce the enforcement of this law, ensuring that medical practitioners and facilities adhere strictly to ethical and legal standards.​

Community Engagement and Awareness

Beyond regulatory measures, the government plans to engage with local communities to raise awareness about the adverse effects of gender imbalance. Educational campaigns will focus on promoting the value of the girl child and dispelling myths that contribute to gender-biased practices.​

Potential Impact on IVF Practices

The scrutiny of IVF centers may lead to the implementation of more stringent protocols and oversight mechanisms. Clinics may be required to maintain detailed records and undergo regular audits to ensure compliance with anti-sex selection laws.​

Challenges in Implementation

While the government’s measures are comprehensive, challenges in implementation persist. Ensuring the cooperation of medical professionals, addressing potential loopholes in the system, and changing deep-seated societal attitudes toward gender preference require sustained efforts and resources.​

Conclusion

The Haryana government’s proactive steps to investigate and address the declining sex ratio reflect a commitment to promoting gender equality and curbing unlawful practices. By focusing on IVF centers, regulating abortion practices, and monitoring pregnancies in specific family contexts, the state aims to ensure compliance with legal standards and foster a more balanced demographic landscape. Continued vigilance, community engagement, and strict enforcement of laws will be crucial in achieving these objectives.

Reference : https://www.nextias.com/ca/current-affairs/10-01-2025/sex-ratio-birth-haryana#:~:text=About,%2C%20while%2047.64%25%20were%20girls.